# Neil Armstrong > Neil Armstrong and the historic Apollo 11 mission, which first landed humans on the Moon. Canonical URL: https://aristotree.com/darko/neil-armstrong Language: en Creator: darko Last modified: 2026-07-24T14:48:50.473Z Concepts: 49 Relationships: 66 This is a public, user-curated knowledge graph. Follow the cited sources when verifying claims. ## Concepts ### Apollo Lunar Module The Apollo Lunar Module, originally designated the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), was the lunar lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program. Topics: instance of: vehicle model, subclass of: crewed spacecraft, subclass of: lunar lander, part of: Apollo, country of origin: United States, manufacturer: Grumman Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module ### Janet Shearon ### S-IVB The S-IVB was the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB launch vehicles. Topics: instance of: rocket stage, subclass of: liquid-propellant rocket, part of: Saturn IB, part of: Saturn V, country of origin: United States, manufacturer: McDonnell Douglas Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-IVB ### Pintle injector The pintle injector is a type of propellant injector for a bipropellant rocket engine. Topics: subclass of: component, part of: rocket engine, part of: air cell indirect injection Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintle_injector ### Apollo 10 Apollo 10 was the fourth human spaceflight in the United States' Apollo program and the second to orbit the Moon. Topics: instance of: human spaceflight, part of: Apollo program, country: United States, operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, follows: Apollo 9, followed by: Apollo 11 Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10 ### Apollo 9 Apollo 9 was the third human spaceflight in NASA's Apollo program, which successfully tested systems and procedures critical to landing on the Moon. Topics: instance of: human spaceflight, part of: Apollo program, country: United States, manufacturer: Rockwell International, manufacturer: Grumman, operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_9 ### Lunar Roving Vehicle The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is a battery-powered four-wheeled rover used on the Moon in the last three missions of the American Apollo program during 1971 and 1972. Topics: instance of: spacecraft model, subclass of: lunar rover, subclass of: electric vehicle, manufacturer: Boeing, manufacturer: General Motors, named after: dune buggy Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle ### Apollo 13 (film) Apollo 13 is a 1995 American docudrama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, Ed Harris and Kathleen Quinlan. Topics: instance of: film, genre: docudrama, genre: adventure film, part of: National Film Registry, country of origin: United States, named after: Apollo 13 Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13_(film) ### Ascent propulsion system The ascent propulsion system (APS) or lunar module ascent engine (LMAE) is a fixed-thrust hypergolic rocket engine developed by Bell Aerosystems for use in the Apollo Lunar Module ascent stage. Topics: instance of: engine model, subclass of: rocket engine, country of origin: United States, manufacturer: Bell Aircraft Corporation Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascent_propulsion_system ### Descent propulsion system The descent propulsion system or lunar module descent engine (LMDE), internal designation VTR-10, is a variable-throttle hypergolic rocket engine invented by Gerard W. Topics: instance of: engine model, subclass of: rocket engine, has part(s): pintle injector, country of origin: United States, manufacturer: TRW Inc. Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descent_propulsion_system ### Grumman The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a 20th century American producer of military and civilian aircraft. Topics: instance of: aerospace manufacturer, instance of: business, country: United States, founder: Leroy Grumman, headquarters location: Bethpage Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman ### Cape Canaveral Space Force Station Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida. Topics: instance of: spaceport, instance of: airbase, part of: Space Launch Delta 45, part of: Eastern Range, has part(s): Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 1, has part(s): Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 2 Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station ### Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package The Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) comprised a set of scientific instruments placed by the astronauts at the landing site of each of the five Apollo missions to land on the Moon following Apollo 11. Topics: instance of: space instrument, part of: Apollo program, has part(s): Solar Wind Composition Experiment, has part(s): Apollo 12 Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package, country: United States, follows: Early Apollo Scientific Experiment Package Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Experiments_Package ### National Aeronautics and Space Act The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 is the United States federal statute that created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Topics: instance of: Act of Congress in the United States, country: United States Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act ### Apollo–Soyuz Apollo–Soyuz was the first crewed international space mission, conducted jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union in July 1975. Topics: instance of: human spaceflight program, instance of: NASA program, part of: Apollo Applications Program, part of: Soyuz programme, operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, operator: Soviet space program Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz ### Lunar orbit rendezvous Lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR) is a process for landing humans on the Moon and returning them to Earth. Topics: subclass of: space rendezvous Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_orbit_rendezvous ### Apollo 8 Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to leave Earth's gravitational sphere of influence, and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon. Topics: instance of: human spaceflight, part of: Apollo program, country: United States, operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, follows: Apollo 7, followed by: Apollo 9 Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_8 ### Project Mercury Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963. Topics: instance of: NASA program, instance of: human spaceflight program, has part(s): Little Joe 1, has part(s): Big Joe 1, country: United States, operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercury ### Apollo 1 Apollo 1, initially designated AS-204, was planned to be the first crewed mission of the Apollo program, the American undertaking to land the first man on the Moon. Topics: instance of: human spaceflight, instance of: aviation accident, part of: Apollo program, country: United States, manufacturer: North American Aviation, operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_1 ### Apollo program The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program led by NASA, which landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969. Topics: instance of: human spaceflight program, instance of: NASA program, has part(s): Saturn-Apollo 1, has part(s): Saturn-Apollo 2, country: United States, operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program ### Mare Serenitatis Mare Serenitatis is a lunar mare located to the east of Mare Imbrium on the Moon. Topics: instance of: lunar mare Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Serenitatis ### Ranger 8 Ranger 8 was a lunar probe in the Ranger program, a robotic spacecraft series launched by NASA in the early-to-mid-1960s to obtain the first close-up images of the Moon's surface. Topics: instance of: space probe, part of: Ranger program, manufacturer: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, follows: Ranger 7, followed by: Ranger 9 Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranger_8 ### Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is a NASA robotic spacecraft currently orbiting the Moon in an eccentric polar mapping orbit. Topics: instance of: lunar orbiter Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter ### Basalt Basalt ; buh-SALT) is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon. Topics: instance of: rock type, subclass of: volcanic rock, named after: Black Tortoise Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt ### Lunar Module Eagle Lunar Module Eagle (LM-5) is the Apollo Lunar Module that was the first crewed lunar lander flown by humans to the Moon. Topics: instance of: Apollo Lunar Module, part of: Apollo 11, country of origin: United States, manufacturer: Grumman, operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, named after: eagle Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Module_Eagle ### Luna programme The Luna programme, sometimes called Lunik by western media, was a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. Topics: subclass of: Soviet space program, has part(s): Luna 1, has part(s): Luna 2, country: Russia, country: Soviet Union, followed by: Luna-Glob Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_programme ### Cold War The Cold War was a period of international geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc. Topics: instance of: cold war, instance of: perpetual war, subclass of: low-intensity conflict, subclass of: international conflict, has part(s): War of Attrition, has part(s): Saur Revolution Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War ### Vostok (spacecraft) Vostok was a class of single-pilot crewed spacecraft built by the Soviet Union. Topics: subclass of: spacecraft, manufacturer: S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, follows: Voskhod, followed by: Voskhod Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_(spacecraft) ### Lunar mare Lunar maria are large, dark, basaltic plains on Earth's Moon, formed by lava flowing into ancient impact basins. Topics: subclass of: mare, part of: planetary nomenclature Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_mare ### Mare Tranquillitatis Mare Tranquillitatis is a lunar mare that sits within the Tranquillitatis basin on the Moon. Topics: instance of: lunar mare Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Tranquillitatis ### Project Gemini Project Gemini was the second United States human spaceflight program to fly. Topics: instance of: human spaceflight program, instance of: NASA Program of Airborne Optical Observations, has part(s): Gemini 1, has part(s): Gemini 2, country: United States, operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Gemini ### Yuri Gagarin Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first person to journey into outer space during the first successful crewed spaceflight. Topics: instance of: human, occupation: aircraft pilot, occupation: astronaut Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin ### Wernher von Braun Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun was a German American aerospace engineer and space architect. Topics: instance of: human, occupation: physicist, occupation: military flight engineer, part of: Operation Paperclip Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun ### Sergei Korolev Sergei Pavlovich Korolev was a Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer who led the development of the Soviet space program during the early years of the Space Race. Topics: instance of: human, occupation: military flight engineer, occupation: design engineer Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Korolev ### Sputnik 1 Sputnik 1, often referred to as simply Sputnik, was the first artificial Earth satellite. Topics: instance of: artificial satellite of the Earth, part of: Sputnik programme, manufacturer: S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, operator: Soviet Union, followed by: Sputnik 2 Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1 ### Space Race The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between the Cold War rivals, the United States and the Soviet Union, to achieve superior spaceflight capability. Topics: instance of: competition, instance of: space exploration, subclass of: race to space Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Race ### Apollo Guidance Computer The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) is a digital computer produced for the Apollo program that was installed on board each Apollo command module (CM) and Apollo Lunar Module (LM). Topics: instance of: equipment, instance of: computer, part of: Apollo Command and Service Module, has part(s): DSKY, manufacturer: Raytheon Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Guidance_Computer ### John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy, also known as JFK, was the 35th president of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Topics: instance of: human, occupation: politician, occupation: journalist Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy ### Apollo command and service module The Apollo command and service module (CSM) was one of two principal components of the United States Apollo spacecraft, used for the Apollo program, which landed astronauts on the Moon between 1969 and 1972. Topics: instance of: spacecraft model, subclass of: crewed spacecraft, part of: Apollo, country of origin: United States, manufacturer: North American Aviation, manufacturer: Rockwell International Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module ### Saturn V The Saturn V is a retired American super heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by NASA under the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon. Topics: instance of: rocket model, subclass of: Saturn, subclass of: super heavy-lift launch vehicle, has part(s): S-IC, has part(s): S-II, country of origin: United States Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_V ### Apollo 11 Apollo 11 was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon, and the fifth crewed mission of NASA's Apollo program. Topics: instance of: human spaceflight, part of: Apollo program, country: United States, operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, follows: Apollo 10, followed by: Apollo 12 Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11 ### Korean War The Korean War was an armed conflict fought on the Korean Peninsula between North Korea and South Korea and their allies. Topics: instance of: war, part of: Cold War, country: North Korea, country: South Korea Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War ### Purdue University Purdue University is a public land-grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system, which also includes Purdue University in Indianapolis as an ongoing expansion of the West Lafayette campus. Topics: instance of: public research university, instance of: land-grant university, country: United States, founder: John Purdue Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purdue_University ### National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was a United States federal agency that was founded on March 3, 1915, to undertake, promote, and institutionalize aeronautical research. Topics: instance of: government agency, country: United States, headquarters location: Washington, D.C. Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics ### Michael Collins (astronaut) Michael Collins was an American astronaut who flew the Apollo 11 command module Columbia around the Moon in 1969 while his crewmates, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, made the first crewed landing on the surface. Topics: instance of: human, occupation: military officer, occupation: astronaut, part of: NASA Astronaut Group 3 Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut) ### Buzz Aldrin Buzz Aldrin is an American former astronaut, aeronautical engineer, and fighter pilot. Topics: instance of: human, occupation: air force officer, occupation: fighter pilot, part of: NASA Astronaut Group 3 Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin ### North American X-15 The North American X-15 is a hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft formerly operated by the United States Air Force and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the X-plane series of experimental aircraft. Topics: instance of: aircraft model, instance of: vehicle, subclass of: experimental aircraft, subclass of: sub-orbital spaceplane, country of origin: United States, manufacturer: North American Aviation Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_X-15 ### Gemini 8 Gemini 8 was the sixth crewed spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program. Topics: instance of: human spaceflight, instance of: Gemini spacecraft, part of: Project Gemini, operator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, follows: Gemini 6A, followed by: Gemini 9A Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_8 ### Neil Armstrong Neil Alden Armstrong was an American astronaut and aeronautical engineer who, as the commander of the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, became the first person to walk on the Moon. Sources: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstrong ## Relationships - Janet Shearon — related_to → Neil Armstrong: spouse - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → S-IVB: third stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Pintle injector: critical propulsion technology used in the descent engine - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Apollo 10: dress rehearsal mission for the Lunar Module - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Apollo Guidance Computer: onboard navigation and control system for the Lunar Module - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Apollo 13 (film): emergency use of the Lunar Module as a lifeboat - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Lunar orbit rendezvous: fundamental mission architecture for the Apollo Lunar Module - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Apollo 9: first crewed flight test of the Lunar Module - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Descent propulsion system: engine used for landing on the lunar surface - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Ascent propulsion system: engine used for leaving the lunar surface - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Grumman: primary contractor for the Lunar Module - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Lunar Module Eagle: first crewed Lunar Module to land on the Moon - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Apollo command and service module: docking counterpart for the Lunar Module - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Lunar Roving Vehicle: transportation system deployed from the Lunar Module - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package: scientific payload carried by the Lunar Module - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Apollo program: parent program that developed the Lunar Module - Apollo Lunar Module — related_to → Apollo 11: first mission to land the Lunar Module on the Moon - Apollo program — related_to → Cape Canaveral Space Force Station: Primary launch site for Apollo missions - Apollo program — related_to → Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package: Scientific instrumentation deployed by Apollo crews - Apollo program — related_to → National Aeronautics and Space Act: Legislative foundation for the creation of NASA - Apollo program — related_to → Apollo–Soyuz: Final mission of the Apollo hardware era - Apollo program — related_to → Lunar orbit rendezvous: Mission architecture strategy selected for lunar landings - Apollo program — related_to → Apollo 8: First crewed spacecraft to orbit the Moon - Apollo program — related_to → Project Mercury: Foundational human spaceflight program preceding Apollo - Apollo program — related_to → Apollo 1: Tragic precursor mission that forced critical safety redesigns - Apollo program — related_to → John F. Kennedy: President who set the national goal for lunar landing - Apollo program — related_to → Wernher von Braun: Chief architect of the Saturn V rocket - Apollo program — related_to → Saturn V: Super heavy-lift launch vehicle for the Apollo program - Apollo program — related_to → Project Gemini: Bridge program developing essential spaceflight techniques - Apollo program — related_to → Space Race: Geopolitical competition driving the Apollo program - Apollo program — related_to → Apollo 11: First crewed mission to successfully land on the Moon - Mare Tranquillitatis — related_to → Mare Serenitatis: adjacent lunar mare feature - Mare Tranquillitatis — related_to → Ranger 8: precursor mission that photographed the site - Mare Tranquillitatis — related_to → Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: modern source of high-resolution imagery - Mare Tranquillitatis — related_to → Basalt: primary geological composition of the mare - Mare Tranquillitatis — related_to → Lunar Module Eagle: site of the first crewed lunar landing - Mare Tranquillitatis — related_to → Lunar mare: geological classification of the feature - Mare Tranquillitatis — related_to → Buzz Aldrin: second human to walk on the mare - Mare Tranquillitatis — related_to → Neil Armstrong: first human to walk on the mare - Mare Tranquillitatis — related_to → Apollo Lunar Module: vehicle that landed on the mare - Mare Tranquillitatis — related_to → Apollo 11: location of the first human lunar landing - Space Race — related_to → Luna programme: Soviet series of lunar exploration missions - Space Race — related_to → Cold War: geopolitical context of the Space Race - Space Race — related_to → Vostok (spacecraft): Soviet counterpart to the Mercury program - Space Race — related_to → Project Gemini: bridge between Mercury and Apollo programs - Space Race — related_to → Yuri Gagarin: first human to travel into space - Space Race — related_to → Wernher von Braun: architect of the American space program - Space Race — related_to → Sergei Korolev: lead engineer of the Soviet space program - Space Race — related_to → Sputnik 1: catalyst for the start of the Space Race - Space Race — related_to → Saturn V: launch vehicle for the Apollo program - Space Race — related_to → John F. Kennedy: political initiator of the Moon landing goal - Space Race — related_to → Apollo 11: culmination of the Space Race - Apollo 11 — related_to → Apollo Guidance Computer: Critical onboard computing system for navigation - Apollo 11 — related_to → John F. Kennedy: Initiator of the national goal to reach the Moon - Apollo 11 — related_to → Apollo command and service module: Primary spacecraft component for lunar transit - Apollo 11 — related_to → Saturn V: Launch vehicle for the Apollo 11 mission - Apollo 11 — related_to → Michael Collins (astronaut): Command Module pilot for Apollo 11 - Apollo 11 — related_to → Buzz Aldrin: Lunar Module pilot for Apollo 11 - Apollo 11 — related_to → Neil Armstrong: Commander of the Apollo 11 mission - Neil Armstrong — related_to → Korean War: served as a naval aviator during the conflict - Neil Armstrong — related_to → Purdue University: alma mater where he studied aeronautical engineering - Neil Armstrong — related_to → National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics: employed Armstrong as a research pilot - Neil Armstrong — related_to → Michael Collins (astronaut): served as the Command Module Pilot on Apollo 11 - Neil Armstrong — related_to → Buzz Aldrin: served as the Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 11 - Neil Armstrong — related_to → North American X-15: piloted the experimental rocket-powered aircraft - Neil Armstrong — related_to → Gemini 8: conducted the first successful docking of two spacecraft