Garden city movement
Also known as: garden cities · garden city movement · garden town
- 1Proposed by Ebenezer Howard in 1898.
- 2Features satellite communities separated by green belts.
- 3Integrates residences, industry, and agriculture in balanced proportions.
- 4First implemented in Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City.
- 5Designed to avoid the disadvantages of both countryside and city living.
The garden city movement is a 20th-century urban planning movement that promoted satellite communities surrounding a central city, separated by green belts.
Connections1
provided the urban planning context for the project
Park Güell was originally conceived as a residential garden city project for the wealthy, reflecting the contemporary European interest in integrating urban living with nature.
The garden city movement is an influential urban planning concept that originated in the late 19th century. First proposed by Ebenezer Howard in 1898, the movement aimed to create satellite communities that balanced the benefits of both urban and rural life. By surrounding a central city with green belts, the model sought to mitigate the overcrowding and industrial pollution common in major metropolitan areas of the time.
The H.V. McKay Memorial Gardens with the Sunshine Presbyterian Church in the backgroundWikimedia Commons; Reinthal; Own work; CC BY-SA 4.0; Wikimedia Commons: Category:Garden cities1960s map layout of planned urban community Ciudad Jardín featuring three railway stations and three squares all between walking distance.Wikimedia Commons; Ciudad jardin at en.wikipedia; Transferred from en.wikipedia . Original text: Personal Illustration; Public domain; Wikimedia Commons: Category:Garden citiesAn attempt at a garden city: Zlín in Czechia (architect: František Lydie Gahura )Wikimedia Commons; hugo; Own work; Public domain; Wikimedia Commons; Wikidata P18 (image) These planned communities were designed to contain balanced, proportionate areas dedicated to residences, industry, and agriculture. The practical application of this theory was realized in the early 20th century with the construction of Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City near London. Since these initial projects, the garden city model has served as a foundational inspiration for urban development projects globally, emphasizing sustainable growth and community health.