Land reform is a deliberate political process involving the redistribution of agricultural land from large private estates to small-scale farmers or landless individuals. It encompasses changes to laws, regulations, and customs that govern how land is owned, used, and transferred within a society.
Beyond simple agricultural management, land reform is fundamentally about the redistribution of wealth and political power. By altering the concentration of land ownership, governments or movements seek to address social inequality and economic disparity. Because land is a primary source of influence, these reforms often trigger significant shifts in the power dynamics of a nation, impacting both the economic structure and the social hierarchy.